Gun Control Laws and Young Adult Suicides

by Jon Scaccia July 17, 2024

Gun control is a hot topic in the United States, especially when it comes to young adults. Recent research by Emma E. Fridel, Gregory M. Zimmerman, and Shayna R. Arrigo delves into how specific laws can reduce the rate of suicides among 18 to 20-year-olds. The study, published in the American Journal of Public Health, examines the effectiveness of minimum handgun purchase age and background check legislation on young adult suicide rates from 1991 to 2020. This research is crucial for public health practitioners and policymakers aiming to save lives through informed legislation.

Understanding the Problem: Youth and Firearms

In 2020, suicide was the third leading cause of death among young adults aged 18 to 20 in the U.S., with firearms involved in nearly half of these cases. Despite federal laws setting the minimum age for purchasing handguns from licensed dealers at 21, and 18 for long guns, state laws vary widely. Some states have stricter regulations, and this variation provides an opportunity to study the impact of different legislative approaches on youth suicide rates.

The Research: Analyzing the Data

The study used a robust statistical method known as negative binomial regression to analyze data from all 50 states over nearly three decades. By comparing the effects of different state laws, the researchers could determine which policies were most effective at reducing firearm suicides among young adults.

Key Findings: The Power of Permit-to-Purchase Laws

The results were clear: permit-to-purchase (PTP) laws, which require individuals to obtain a permit before purchasing a handgun, significantly reduced firearm suicides among young adults. States with PTP laws saw a 39% decrease in firearm suicides in this age group. These laws also led to a 14% reduction in overall suicide rates. However, laws solely raising the minimum purchase age to 21 had a smaller impact unless combined with PTP laws.

Interestingly, the study found no significant effect of minimum age laws on non-firearm suicides, suggesting that these laws specifically target firearm-related incidents rather than overall suicidal behavior.

Why This Matters: Policy Implications

This research has significant implications for public health policy. PTP laws appear to be a highly effective tool in reducing firearm suicides among young adults. These laws typically involve a face-to-face application process with local law enforcement, which may deter impulsive purchases and enhance the perceived risk of straw purchases (where someone buys a gun for someone who cannot legally purchase one).

For public health practitioners, these findings underscore the importance of advocating for PTP laws as part of a broader strategy to reduce youth suicides. Policymakers should consider these results when crafting legislation aimed at protecting vulnerable populations from gun violence.

Real Stories: The Human Impact

Consider the story of James, an 18-year-old who struggled with depression after the loss of a close friend. In a moment of deep despair, he impulsively decided to purchase a handgun to end his pain. However, living in a state with strict PTP laws, he had to apply for a permit first. This waiting period provided James with the time he needed to seek help from a mental health professional. Today, James is alive and advocates for mental health awareness among his peers.

What Can You Do?

As a reader, you might wonder how you can contribute to this cause. Supporting organizations that advocate for sensible gun laws, participating in community mental health initiatives, and staying informed about local and national legislation are all ways to make a difference. Your voice matters in the fight to protect young lives.

What do you think? Let us know in the comments!

1. Have you or someone you know been personally affected by firearm regulations or lack thereof? How did it impact your or their life?
2. What are your thoughts on implementing permit-to-purchase laws in your state or community? Do you think they would be effective?

Toward a Safer Future

Reducing young adult suicides through effective gun control laws is not just a legislative challenge but a moral imperative. The research by Fridel and colleagues provides a clear path forward: permit-to-purchase laws save lives. By understanding and advocating for these measures, we can create a safer environment for our youth and prevent the tragedy of unnecessary deaths.

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About the Author

Dr. Jonathan P. Scaccia, PhD, is a clinical-community psychologist with expertise in public health science and practice. He has led evaluation and research initiatives focusing on health equity, vaccine distribution, and organizational readiness. Dr. Scaccia has contributed to federal suicide prevention programs and vaccine equity strategies. He has been recognized for his impactful work and is a leading voice in advancing public health practices.